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Chipsets The chipset usually contains the processor bus interface, memory controllers, I/O controllers and more. All the circuits of the motherboard are contained within the chipset. When IBM created the first PC motherboards, it used several separate chips to complete the design. Besides the processor and optional math coprocessor, many other components were required to complete the system. These other components included items such as the clock generator, bus controller, system timer, interrupt and DMA controllers, CMOS RAM and clock and keyboard controller. In 1986, a company called chips and technologies introduced a component called the 82C206- the main part of the first PC motherboard chipset. This chip included the functions of the clock generator, Bus controller, System Timer, Interrupt controllers and DMA controller. Four other chips with 82C206 act as buffers and memory controllers, thus completing virtually the entire motherboard circuit with five total chips. This f...

Low insertion force   ( LIF ) Low insertion force   ( LIF ) is a technology used in   integrated circuit   sockets that are designed so the force required to insert or remove a package is low. Initially, the LIF connectors were designed as a cheaper alternative compared to   zero insertion force   (ZIF) connectors, to facilitate programming and testing of equipment. Compared with standard IC sockets, they have a lower friction force between the contacts of the device and the socket, making insertion and removal of the device easier, while at the same time eliminating the need for the complex mechanism that is used in ZIF sockets. The disadvantages of LIF connectors are that the grip force between the contacts is lower, and the contacts can oxidize faster and decrease the lifespan of the connector. With the advent of frequent changes in PC processors, a need arose for these systems. Intel introduced the LIF socket system, in which the processor is ...